| pH and Water | Bonding | Macromolecules | Enzymes | Matter and Atoms |
| 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 20 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Final Question | ||||
The pH scale goes from what to what?
The pH scale goes from what to what?
0 to 14
What does "like dissolves like" mean?
What does "like dissolves like" mean?
Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes;
Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes;
Nonpolar and polar solutions generally stay separate.
What are hydrogen bonds?
What are hydrogen bonds?
The intermolecular attractions that form between positive hydrogens and the negative atoms or regions of other molecules.
Describe three major properties of water caused by hydrogen bonds.
Describe three major properties of water caused by hydrogen bonds.
High specific heat - it takes a lot of energy to heat water.
Cohesion -attraction between same molecules
Adhesion - attraction between different molecules
What three ions are considered in the pH scale, and which are associated with acidity and with alkalinity when then are in high concentration?
What three ions are considered in the pH scale, and which are associated with acidity and with alkalinity when then are in high concentration?
hydrogen ions, acidity
hydronium ions, acidity
hydroxide ions, alkalinity (being basic)
What is an ion?
What is an ion?
charged molecule
When atoms bond, what are they really doing?
When atoms bond, what are they really doing?
Either sharing or transfering valence electrons.
What are anions and cations?
What are anions and cations?
Anions - negatively charged ions
Cations - positively charged ions
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
ionin - tranfer of electrons
covalent - sharing electrons
What is the octet rule, and how does it impact the way atoms bond?
What is the octet rule, and how does it impact the way atoms bond?
Atoms seek to gain a full valence shell, usually 8 electrons.
This will impact which atoms bond with other to fill thier valence shells.
How can monomers form polymers?
How can monomers form polymers?
Dehydration synthesis (aka "condensation reactions")!
Name the four major biological macromolecules!
Name the four major biological macromolecules!
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats, AND with what macromolecule are they associated?
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats, AND with what macromolecule are they associated?
Saturated lack a double bond in their fatty acid TAILS, whereas unsaturated have one or more double bonds in their TAILS.
Both are associated with LIPIDS!
What is the above molecule, and with which macromolecule is it associated?
What is the above molecule, and with which macromolecule is it associated?
It's a nucleotide, which is the building block of a nucleic acid!
What is the above sturcture, what macromolecule is it associated with, and how might this molecule look different from othe molecules OF THE SAME TYPE?
What is the above sturcture, what macromolecule is it associated with, and how might this molecule look different from othe molecules OF THE SAME TYPE?
Amino acid!
Building block of proteins!
Amino acids can vary in their functional group, or "variant group".
Enzymes are what type of macromolecule?
Enzymes are what type of macromolecule?
protein
What are two things that impact enzyme function?
What are two things that impact enzyme function?
pH and temperature
Why is shape important to enzyme function?
Why is shape important to enzyme function?
Enzymes function based on their shape, because specific substrates will "fit" with them.
What is happening in the image?
What is happening in the image?
An enzyme is breaking a substrate into two products!
What are activation energy and catalysts, and how do they relate enzymes?
What are activation energy and catalysts, and how do they relate enzymes?
activation energy - energy required to make a reaction start
catalyst - speeds up a reaction by lowering activation energy
enzymes are catalysts!
what are the three subatomic particles?
what are the three subatomic particles?
protons
neutrons
electrons
What are the charges and masses of the subatomic particles?
What are the charges and masses of the subatomic particles?
protons: + 1 amu
neutrons: 0 charge, 1 amu
electrons: - , no mass
What is shown above, and how is it organized?! INCLUDE GROUPS AND PERIODS
What is shown above, and how is it organized?! INCLUDE GROUPS AND PERIODS
The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number.
Groups are the vertical columns.
Periods are the horizontal columns.
How do valence electrons relate to the periodic table?
How do valence electrons relate to the periodic table?
Groups are organized by valence electrons!
Elements in the same group generally have similar porperties.
What is Ms. Clark's Halloween costume?
What is Ms. Clark's Halloween costume?
Captain Caterpillar!!!!!
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