As he put it in The Federalist, No. 78, the very purpose of constitutions is to place limitations on the powers of government, and it is only the Court that can ensure such limits in the United States.  The Legislative branch, in particular, is unlikely to restrain itself without the helping hand of the judiciary.

This case established Judicial Reveiw.

Background on what caused this case:  

Additional judicial positions were created by the Federalist Congress and filled

by the outgoing Federalist president (John Adams) in the final days of his

administration, after Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans gained control of

the presidency and the legislature; the apparent intention of these midnight

appointments was to ensure Federalist dominance of the judiciary.

This article and section states the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

This Cheif Justice stated the following about judicial review:  "it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is."

This individual coined the phrase "counter-majoritarian difficulty" in 1962.  He described judicial review as a "deviant institution in American democracy."

There how many of these courts?

1) US Federal District Courts

2) US Courts of Appeals

3) US Supreme Court

This map shows the 12 geographic circuit courts. Which one of the courts does the map represent?

This shows what?

What is the only way to remove a federal judge?

This is the doctrine of closely following precedent as the basis for

legal reasoning; past decisions serve as the basis for current similar

decisions.

True or False: The constitution establishes strict qualifications or criteria for judicial branch.  All have to be lawyers for atleast 5 years.

All federal judges are nominated by who and approved (confirmed) by who?

After defining the kind of person he wants in general terms, the president delegates

the task of identifying judicial candidates to who/whom?

This is the right of the senior senator from the president’s party in the state where the district court is located to approve the nominee.

This president was stunned when Chief Justice Warren Burger voted with a unanimous Court to override the president's claim of executive privilege and forced him to give up the documents that would seal his fate in the Watergate affair.

This landmark cases established the right to counsel in criminal cases.

The most important tool that the Court has for controlling its agenda is the power

to grant—or not to grant, an order from an appellate court to lower courts demanding that they send up a complete record of the case.

1) This is a statement of the legal reasoning that supports the decision of

the Court.

2) By tradition,who assigns the majority opinion if he voted with the majority in conference (and sometimes assigns it to himself); if this person votes with the minority

(dissenters), the senior member of the majority assigns the opinion (this is one

of the norms referred to above).

There are two main views that dicatate the courts with regards to the US Constitution.  Some beleive the court must be guided by the orginal intentions of the framers and the words in the Constitution while there are others that believe the intentions of the Founders are impossible to determine and would be unreasonably constricting in the twentieth century; they beleive that jurits must try to reconcile the fundamental principles of the Constituion with changing conditions.

Although adherence to precedent is one of the traditional norms that guides judicial decision making, these three courts have not hesitated to overturn previous Court decisions

This individual or branch can file suits through the Justice Department, try to move public opion against the Court, and can threaten to introduce legislation to alter teh Court's organization or jurisdiction.  This indvidual or branch makes appointments of justices.

This branch or individual retains the power to change the size, organization, and appellate jurisdiction of the federal courts.

This branch or individual can apply pressure by being unsympathetic to pleas from the

justices for pay increases or for a suitable budget for clerks or office space.

They can change statutes or pass new laws that specifically challenge

Supreme Court decisions.

This is the political economic doctrine that holds the government should not interfere with the operations of the free market.  

In what case did the court rule in-favor of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Executive Order 9066 during World War II which authorized the relocation or internment of Japanese Americans.

1) This Supreme Court case stated that if a federal and state law are in conflict, the federal law is supreme.

It created the Supremacy Clause.

2) This Supreme Court case determined that in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.  This overruled the segregation that was mainly in the Southern US.

3) This Supreme Court case determined that defendants in criminal cases have an absolute right to counsel.