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Ecology

Vocabulary Components Cycles & Trophic webs Emergent properties Energy and mass fluxes
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Final Question
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What is Ecology?
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What is Ecology?

Ecology is the relationship between man and the evironment along with living and non-living organisims.

What is energy?

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What is energy?

The capacity to do a certain job, which can be measured as a caloric enery.

Type of heterotroph that obtain energy by eating only plants.

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Type of heterotroph that obtain energy by eating only plants.

Herbivores

Each step in a food chain or food web.

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Each step in a food chain or food web.

Trophic Level

An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

View Answer

An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

Predation

Ticks carry bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Ticks do not get Lyme disease, but they can transfer the bacteria to humans, who can get the disease. What type of symbiotic relationship the bacteria and the ticks is?

View Answer

Ticks carry bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Ticks do not get Lyme disease, but they can transfer the bacteria to humans, who can get the disease. What type of symbiotic relationship the bacteria and the ticks is?

Commensalism

Tapeworms are sometimes found in the small intestines of sheep. A tapeworm attaches to the intestinal wall using suckers and then absorbs nutrients from the sheep’s intestine.Which of the following terms describes the relationship between the tapeworm and the sheep?
  A.
competition
  B.
herbivory
  C.
parasitism
  D.
predation
View Answer
Tapeworms are sometimes found in the small intestines of sheep. A tapeworm attaches to the intestinal wall using suckers and then absorbs nutrients from the sheep’s intestine.Which of the following terms describes the relationship between the tapeworm and the sheep?
  A.
competition
  B.
herbivory
  C.
parasitism
  D.
predation

C

Which of the following relationships exists between the frog and the mayfly?
  A.
commensalism
  B.
competition
  C.
mutualism
  D.
predation
       
View Answer
Which of the following relationships exists between the frog and the mayfly?
  A.
commensalism
  B.
competition
  C.
mutualism
  D.
predation
       

D

Many lichens are composed of fungi and algae. The fungi get sugars from the algae, and the algae get water, minerals, and proteins from the fungi.Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the organisms in the lichens?
  A.
commensalism
  B.
competition
  C.
mutualism
  D.
parasitism
       
View Answer
Many lichens are composed of fungi and algae. The fungi get sugars from the algae, and the algae get water, minerals, and proteins from the fungi.Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the organisms in the lichens?
  A.
commensalism
  B.
competition
  C.
mutualism
  D.
parasitism
       

C

The ecological relationship between a hawk and a rabbit is the same type of relationship as that between
  A.
a tick and a deer.
  B.
a frog and an insect.
  C.
a mouse and a chipmunk.
  D.
a bee and a flowering plant.
View Answer
The ecological relationship between a hawk and a rabbit is the same type of relationship as that between
  A.
a tick and a deer.
  B.
a frog and an insect.
  C.
a mouse and a chipmunk.
  D.
a bee and a flowering plant.

C

If the producers in a food web were removed, which of the following changes would most likely occur?
  A.
The entire food web would collapse over time.
  B.
The food web would depend on the decomposers for energy.
  C.
The consumers would begin making energy for the food web.
  D.
The populations of the remaining organisms in the food web would increase.
       
View Answer
If the producers in a food web were removed, which of the following changes would most likely occur?
  A.
The entire food web would collapse over time.
  B.
The food web would depend on the decomposers for energy.
  C.
The consumers would begin making energy for the food web.
  D.
The populations of the remaining organisms in the food web would increase.
       

A

A partial food web is shown below. The insect species in this food web are ladybugs, aphids, caterpillars, and grasshoppers.
Food web containing seven organisms with plants at the base. Arrows on the right side go from plants to grasshopper, grasshopper to small bird, and small bird to fox. Arrows in the middle go from plants to caterpillar, and caterpillar to small bird. Arrows on the left side go from plants to aphid, aphid to ladybug, and ladybug to small bird.
Which of the following statements describes what will most likely happen if another animal that preys on insects enters the community?
  A.
The plant populations will decrease.
  B.
The ladybug population will increase.
  C.
The small bird population will decrease.
  D.
The grasshopper population will increase.
View Answer
A partial food web is shown below. The insect species in this food web are ladybugs, aphids, caterpillars, and grasshoppers.
Food web containing seven organisms with plants at the base. Arrows on the right side go from plants to grasshopper, grasshopper to small bird, and small bird to fox. Arrows in the middle go from plants to caterpillar, and caterpillar to small bird. Arrows on the left side go from plants to aphid, aphid to ladybug, and ladybug to small bird.
Which of the following statements describes what will most likely happen if another animal that preys on insects enters the community?
  A.
The plant populations will decrease.
  B.
The ladybug population will increase.
  C.
The small bird population will decrease.
  D.
The grasshopper population will increase.

C

A food web is shown below.
Food web containing eight organisms with oak tree and pine tree at the base. Arrows on left side go from oak tree to mouse, mouse to hawk, and mouse to snake. Arrows on right side go from pine tree to pine borer, pine borer to salamander, pine borer to kinglet, salamander to snake, kinglet to snake, and kinglet to hawk.
Which of the following organisms compete for the mouse as a food source?
  A.
hawk and snake
  B.
snake and kinglet
  C.
oak tree and pine tree
  D.
pine borer and salamander
View Answer
A food web is shown below.
Food web containing eight organisms with oak tree and pine tree at the base. Arrows on left side go from oak tree to mouse, mouse to hawk, and mouse to snake. Arrows on right side go from pine tree to pine borer, pine borer to salamander, pine borer to kinglet, salamander to snake, kinglet to snake, and kinglet to hawk.
Which of the following organisms compete for the mouse as a food source?
  A.
hawk and snake
  B.
snake and kinglet
  C.
oak tree and pine tree
  D.
pine borer and salamander

A

A partial food web is shown below.
Diagram of a partial grassland food web.
Which of the following changes is most likely to occur if the sparrow population decreases?
  A.
The fox population decreases.
  B.
The hawk population increases.
  C.
The grasshopper population competes less with the praying mantis population.
  D.
The hawk population and the fox population prey more heavily on grasshoppers
View Answer
A partial food web is shown below.
Diagram of a partial grassland food web.
Which of the following changes is most likely to occur if the sparrow population decreases?
  A.
The fox population decreases.
  B.
The hawk population increases.
  C.
The grasshopper population competes less with the praying mantis population.
  D.
The hawk population and the fox population prey more heavily on grasshoppers

A

A partial food web is shown below.
A food web.
Which of the following will most likely happen if the frog population decreases?
  A.
Owls will have no source of food.
  B.
The snake population will increase.
  C.
Birds will have less competition for food.
  D.
The grasshopper population will go extinct.
       
View Answer
A partial food web is shown below.
A food web.
Which of the following will most likely happen if the frog population decreases?
  A.
Owls will have no source of food.
  B.
The snake population will increase.
  C.
Birds will have less competition for food.
  D.
The grasshopper population will go extinct.
       

C

 
Which of the following organisms is correctly matched to its role in the pond ecosystem?
  A.
soil fungi—decomposer
  B.
zooplankton—producer
  C.
water lily—decomposer
  D.
water snake—primary consumer
View Answer

 
Which of the following organisms is correctly matched to its role in the pond ecosystem?
  A.
soil fungi—decomposer
  B.
zooplankton—producer
  C.
water lily—decomposer
  D.
water snake—primary consumer

A

Part of a marsh food web is shown below.
Food web containing six organisms. Solid arrows go from algae to crayfish, crayfish to birds, crayfish to fish, fish to birds, algae to worms, worms to birds, and worms to fish. Dashed arrows go from algae, crayfish, worms, fish, and birds to bacteria in the lower right corner of the food web.
Which of the following statements correctly describes organisms in this food web?
  A.
The birds are producers.
  B.
The algae are consumers.
  C.
The worms are carnivores.
  D.
The bacteria are decomposers.
View Answer
Part of a marsh food web is shown below.
Food web containing six organisms. Solid arrows go from algae to crayfish, crayfish to birds, crayfish to fish, fish to birds, algae to worms, worms to birds, and worms to fish. Dashed arrows go from algae, crayfish, worms, fish, and birds to bacteria in the lower right corner of the food web.
Which of the following statements correctly describes organisms in this food web?
  A.
The birds are producers.
  B.
The algae are consumers.
  C.
The worms are carnivores.
  D.
The bacteria are decomposers.

D

In which of the following ways do producers in an ecosystem obtain energy?
  A.
by consuming other producers
  B.
by living parasitically on animals
  C.
by using sunlight to make sugars
  D.
by breaking down dead organisms
View Answer
In which of the following ways do producers in an ecosystem obtain energy?
  A.
by consuming other producers
  B.
by living parasitically on animals
  C.
by using sunlight to make sugars
  D.
by breaking down dead organisms

C

The moose belongs to which trophic level in an ecosystem?
  A.
producer
  B.
consumer
  C.
scavenger
  D.
decomposer
View Answer
The moose belongs to which trophic level in an ecosystem?
  A.
producer
  B.
consumer
  C.
scavenger
  D.
decomposer

B

Which of the following lists identifies organisms that are producers in food webs?  
  A. algae, ferns, sunflowers
  B. mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms
  C. termites, red foxes, shrews
  D. woodpeckers, cardinals, grasshoppers
       
View Answer
Which of the following lists identifies organisms that are producers in food webs?  
  A. algae, ferns, sunflowers
  B. mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms
  C. termites, red foxes, shrews
  D. woodpeckers, cardinals, grasshoppers
       

A

Which of the following energy pyramids shows the correct placement of trophic levels?
  A.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  B.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  C.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  D.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
       
View Answer
Which of the following energy pyramids shows the correct placement of trophic levels?
  A.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  B.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  C.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
  D.
Options show four choices for the correct placement of trophic levels in an energy pyramid.
       

A

A marine food web is shown below.
marine web food
Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?  
  A. energy pyramid a
  B. energy pyramid b
  C. energy pyramid c
  D. energy pyramid d
View Answer
A marine food web is shown below.
marine web food
Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?  
  A. energy pyramid a
  B. energy pyramid b
  C. energy pyramid c
  D. energy pyramid d

C

If there is 1500 KJ of energy provided by the grass plant, how much energy is absorbed by the owl?

View Answer

If there is 1500 KJ of energy provided by the grass plant, how much energy is absorbed by the owl?

15 Kjoules

What type of energy pyramid is this?

View Answer

What type of energy pyramid is this?

Pyramid of Numbers

 

If there is 300 J of energy provided by the snake how much energy was provided by the grass?

View Answer

 

If there is 300 J of energy provided by the snake how much energy was provided by the grass?

300,000 joules

A food web is shown below.
Food Web
Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes over time?

  A. a decrease in owls
  B. an increase in hawks
  C. an increase in mountain lions
  D. a decrease in raspberry bushes

View Answer

A food web is shown below.
Food Web
Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes over time?

  A. a decrease in owls
  B. an increase in hawks
  C. an increase in mountain lions
  D. a decrease in raspberry bushes

A





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