How many bonds can carbon make?

What kind of bond does carbon typically form with other atoms?

Carbon can form which of the following bond(s) with another atom:

Single

Double

Triple

Quadruple

What group of atoms determine a molecule's behavior in chemical reactions?

How many carbons and hydrogens does thic ompound contain?

Single pieces of a macromolecule are called ______________ while longer pieces are called _____________

What is the bond that connects 2 amino acids called?

The two functional groups of an amino acid are called?

Draw them both.

Combining two molecules requires a ____________ reaction, while breaking apart two molecules requires a ____________ reaction.

Draw the chemical formula for the synthesis of a dipeptide.

How many levels of protein structure are there?

A single long chain of amino acids is called a ____________

A peptide bond is a(n)

A) intermolecular force

B) intramlecular force

C) covalent bond

D) hydrogen bond

E) ionic bond

F) London dispersion force

What type of bonding would the following two amino acids form?

What kind of bond/interaction will form between the following amino acids.

List 2 ways to denature a protein.

They denature proteins because they ____________ the current bonds.

The quaternary structure involves bonding between different ____________

What are the two major structures are formed due to secondary structure bonding? Draw what they look like in a ribbon diagram.

If you heated the following polypeptide, which bonds would break first and which last?

Label 1 as breaking first and 4 as breaking last.

The following amino acids are dropped into an aqueous solution. Which of the amino acids would be found in the center of the protein and which would be found on the outside?

1. 2. 3. 4. 

5.6. 

How is the order of amino acids in a polypeptide decided? (what other molecule decides the order)

If you remove all the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbno and hydrogen atoms, the molecule becomes a _____________.

Why is cellulose so difficult for most animals to digest.

A) they don't have the proper enzyme to break the bonds between subunits

B) cellulose is made of chitin, which is indigestible

C) the bonds holding cellulose subunits together are extremely strong, stronger than in any other macromolecule

D) there are many hydroge bonds holding the subunits together

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but have different molecular structures are called

A) isotopes

B) ions

C) structural isotopes

D) isomers

E) both A and C

Molecular chaperones

A) are found in the nucleus and aid in folding of DNA

B) degrade proteins that have folded incorrectly

C) help new proteins fold correctly and repair incorrectly folded proteins

D) are only present in cells that are exposed to high temperatures

E) work through hydrophobic interactions

Hemoglobin is a protein found in blood cells made up of four polypetides. When hemogloblin is mutated as shown below, sickle cell anemia results. Not all changes in amino acids result in a change in protein structure/function. Does the change below result in a change in protein structure as well? Explain why it would or wouldn't. If it does, what levels of structure does it affect?