This electron shell of an atom must be filled with the necessary number of electrons to make the atom stable

Common biological bonds formed due to uneven sharing of electrons between electronegative atoms and this atom, sharing the same name

How many grams of a salt with FW 100g/mol are needed to make 1L of a 1M solution?

Each of the 20 aminoacids has a defining R group, which determines its specific properties, and these 2 groups, which allow amino acids to be joined in a chain to make polypeptides

In a nucleotide, the 5 C carbohydrate Ribose has this group attached to its 5th carbon

These proteins, which are often incorporated into the plasma membrane, sense  molecules outside the cell, and send messages to the inside of the cell to respond to the signal

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you may see a dark spot in the nucleus corresponding to this site of ribosome synthesis

This part of the endomembrane system processes and sorts proteins for transport to their cellular destination

Lipids are made in this subcellular structure

Hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes would be found in this subcellular structure

You are advising a couple, where the female carries an X-linked recessive mutation for a disease.  They have 1 female and 1 male child.  What is the probablility that one of the children will develop the disease?  

You perform the following cross:

AaBb X AaBb

If these 2 genes are on different chromosomes, what fraction of the offspring would express the recessive phenotype for both genes?

You cross a red-flowered plant to a white-flowered plant and get all pink plants.  What explains the appearance of this new phenotype?

You are mapping 3 genes on a chromosome, Q, B, and I.  You perform the following crosses:

QqBb X qqbb:    Parental phenotypes:  45, recombinant phenotypes 5

QqIi X qqii: Parental phenotypes 40, recombinant phenotypes 10

Which gene is Q closest to on the chromosome?

During Metaphase I of meiosis, this aligns in the center of the cell

During DNA replication, this enxyme creates tension in the DNA strand that must be resolved by topoisomerase

For the following mRNA, what is the amino acid sequence encoded?

3' GGG CAU GAU CAU GUA GGG 5'

Translation of mRNA into proteins requires a ribosome, an mRNA, and these.

A gene mutation that results in this will shorten the length of the protein product

The portion of an mRNA upstream of the start codon is known as this

In plants, these electron transport chains capture energy from light and convert it to energy rich molecules ATP and NADPH, which drive the production of sugar in the calvin cycle

To break down glucose to produce energy, cells perform this process prior to the Kreb cycle

The mitochondrial electron transport chain uses energy from excited electrons to drive the pumping of this molecule across the membrane

Testosterone and Estrogen bind to their receptors in this subcellular location

If you wanted to subclone a gene for your research, you would first need to design this component of a PCR reaction, so that you could make many copies of the gene.

In the replication bubble shown below, draw the leading and lagging strand for both nascent DNA molecules.  Indicate the enzymes involved and their functions